{"id":2201,"date":"2017-12-10T13:48:25","date_gmt":"2017-12-10T12:48:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/?p=2201"},"modified":"2017-12-23T16:52:46","modified_gmt":"2017-12-23T15:52:46","slug":"tieng-viet-mot-so-noi-dung-quan-trong-trong-cong-uoc-luat-bien-1982","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/2017\/12\/10\/tieng-viet-mot-so-noi-dung-quan-trong-trong-cong-uoc-luat-bien-1982\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982"},"content":{"rendered":"Ng\u00e0y 10\/12\/1982,\u00a0C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982 (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982), t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, hay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 UNCLOS 1982, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 107 qu\u1ed1c gia, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u00fd t\u1ea1i Montego Bay, Jamaica (t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nay, s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00fd l\u00e0 157).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sau Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng LHQ, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0 tham gia. C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 16\/11\/1994 (12 th\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y Guyana, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 60 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 16\/11\/1993).\u00a0C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, bao g\u1ed3m 320 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 9 Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi\u00a0h\u01a1n 1000 quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982 nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

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  1. Qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 12 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd. Tuy v\u1eady, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n\u00a0 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec t\u1ea7u thuy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u201c\u0111i qua v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i\u201d trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i. T\u1ea7u thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u201c\u0111i qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh\u201d qua c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i h\u1eb9p, eo bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
  2. Ranh gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf (\u0110QKT) v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng \u0110QKT ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi eo bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i l\u1ea1i, l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng..<\/li>\n
  3. Qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea3o li\u00ean quan g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o, v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u1ea1i cho t\u1ea7u thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n qua l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
  4. Qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0110QKT r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1eb7t d\u00e2y c\u00e1p ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  5. Qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tham gia tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0 d\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng \u0110QKT c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n trong c\u00f9ng khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u khu v\u1ef1c; c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i di c\u01b0 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
  6. Qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba (khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia) trong vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ec7c th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. Th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u1eeb b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00a0k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 350 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o trong th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 khi n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd. U\u1ef7 ban Ranh gi\u1edbi th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c II trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba khi n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
  7. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, bay qua, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
  8. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 chung bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n k\u00edn ho\u1eb7c n\u1eeda k\u00edn c\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng qua n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 ra bi\u1ec3n.C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec3m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra do s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  9. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc trong v\u00f9ng \u0110QKT v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n. Tuy v\u1eady, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c khi vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ti\u1ebft. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia cam k\u1ebft t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u201c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd\u201d c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/li>\n
  10. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean To\u00e0 \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n ( \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc), tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean To\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i. To\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn khai th\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sau khi C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ra c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc. Quy ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i to\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau s\u00e1ch xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi nhau. L\u01b0u th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i qua v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i h\u1eb9p gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f9ng \u0110QKT ra t\u1edbi 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. C\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1994, \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eb1m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n.To\u00e0 \u00e1n Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1996 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hay hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea7n XI c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia (C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 \u201cV\u00f9ng\u201d), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c qu\u1eb7ng n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo ng\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tham gia r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc, T\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00fd LHQ \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tham v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 tham v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7\/1994, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c Tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n XI c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982\u201d. Tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia k\u00fd ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

    Sau khi C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00e0y 30\/4\/1982, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 107 qu\u1ed1c gia tham gia k\u00fd C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i Montego Bay. Ng\u00e0y 23\/6\/1994, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft\u00a0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec3m 1 trong Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201c B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a LHQ v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982, n\u01b0\u1edbc CH XHCN Vi\u1ec7t Nam bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u00f9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n\u201d. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y, l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i. Quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i, v\u00f9ng \u0110QKT v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Bi\u1ec3n \u00d0\u00f4ng tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ven bi\u1ec3n \u00d0\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0110QKT v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba; Trong khi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00eam t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

    Tham gia C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng 12 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd, v\u00f9ng \u0110QKT r\u1ed9ng 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd, th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ed9ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi 350 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc, kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u Km2, r\u1ed9ng g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cam go, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c nh\u1eefng y\u00eau s\u00e1ch phi l\u00fd, ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee1i b\u00f2\u201d chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 80% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u1eeda k\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi 9 qu\u1ed1c gia, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd chung cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc xung quanh Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 C\u0103mpuchia, Th\u00e1i lan, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Indonesia, Malaysia\u2026g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, tin c\u1eady l\u1eabn nhau, t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

    Sau 30 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 22 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i NewYork\u00a0 th\u00e1ng 6\/2012, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c – \u0111\u1ea5u tranh – x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u2026 kh\u00e1c nhau; l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00ec m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.Khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o, khi tham gia s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p chung n\u00e0y, l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00ecnh.\/.<\/p>\n

    (Nghiencuubiendong)<\/p>\n\n

    Aufrufe: 470<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ng\u00e0y 10\/12\/1982,\u00a0C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982 (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982), t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, hay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 UNCLOS 1982, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 107 qu\u1ed1c gia, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u00fd t\u1ea1i Montego Bay, Jamaica (t\u00ednh …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,40],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2201"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2201"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2265,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2201\/revisions\/2265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}