{"id":5511,"date":"2019-11-17T23:02:01","date_gmt":"2019-11-17T22:02:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/?p=5511"},"modified":"2019-11-23T22:22:41","modified_gmt":"2019-11-23T21:22:41","slug":"tieng-viet-tham-quyen-cua-toa-an-cong-ly-quoc-te-va-toa-an-luat-bien-quoc-te-co-the-duoc-ap-dung-cho-cac-nuoc-o-bien-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/2019\/11\/17\/tieng-viet-tham-quyen-cua-toa-an-cong-ly-quoc-te-va-toa-an-luat-bien-quoc-te-co-the-duoc-ap-dung-cho-cac-nuoc-o-bien-dong\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a To\u00e0 \u00e1n C\u00f4ng l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 To\u00e0 \u00e1n Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 To\u00e0 \u00e1n C\u00f4ng l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 To\u00e0 \u00e1n Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00ean quan. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 theo nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u00f4ng l\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ICJ), T\u00f2a \u00e1n Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ITLOS), T\u00f2a \u00e1n H\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ICC), T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u00f4ng l\u00fd Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (ECJ), T\u00f2a \u00e1n Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (ECtHR), T\u00f2a \u00e1n Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n Li\u00ean M\u1ef9 (IACHR), T\u00f2a \u00e1n Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n ch\u00e2u Phi (ACHPR). C\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u1ed9i dung (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd: ICJ, ECJ; chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh: ITLOS v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n, ICC v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, ECtHR, IACHR v\u00e0 ACHPR v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n) v\u00e0 theo th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 (ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t: ICJ, ITLOS, ICC; khu v\u1ef1c: ECJ, ECtHR \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, IACHR \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, ACHPR \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 do H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 T\u00f2a H\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho Nam T\u01b0 c\u0169 (ICTY) v\u00e0 T\u00f2a H\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho Rwanda (ICTR).<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u00f4ng l\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ICJ)<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f2a ICJ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1945 theo Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c C\u00f4ng l\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (PCIJ) c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c li\u00ean. T\u00f2a c\u00f3 15 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n, nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 9 n\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an. C\u00e1c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c: \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ch\u00e2u Phi, M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 Carribe, T\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee7y vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a H\u0110BA lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n trong T\u00f2a, tr\u1eeb Anh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2018. T\u00f2a ICJ c\u00f3 hai th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh: gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. Ngo\u00e0i ra T\u00f2a c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i sinh mang t\u00ednh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p, T\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 T\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i mang tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c ra c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf kho\u1ea3n 1-5 c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 36 Quy ch\u1ebf T\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a. Ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung tranh ch\u1ea5p, qu\u1ed1c gia tranh ch\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 sau khi tranh ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t sinh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra sau khi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p forum prorogatum.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c to\u00e0 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 To\u00e0 ICJ v\u00e0 ITLOS m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c to\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c. C\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 T\u00f2a ICJ c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n l\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 96 Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u 96 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh T\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0o theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an. \u0110i\u1ec1u 96 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u201cph\u00e1t sinh trong ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y\u201d. C\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 T\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n: i) c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn (xem danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y). ii) c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho T\u00f2a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p l\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a lu\u1ea1t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2026 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt\u201d. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft: i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng cho ph\u00e9p. ii) c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. N\u0103m 1996 T\u00f2a ICJ \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO) do c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd, qua \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c cung c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a nh\u01b0ng T\u00f2a c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n h\u1eefu b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, T\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c T\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n; v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 96 hay kh\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p T\u00f2a x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng T\u00f2a t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c thi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi T\u00f2a x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u00fd do x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00e0 T\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n vi ph\u1ea1m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c mang tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1edf c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 41 Quy ch\u1ebf T\u00f2a. \u0110i\u1ec1u 41 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh T\u00f2a s\u1ebd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra, n\u1ebfu ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi n\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean n\u00e0o trong tranh ch\u1ea5p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u T\u00f2a \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ITLOS)<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f2a ITLOS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo UNCLOS 1982, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996. T\u00f2a c\u00f3 21 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n, nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 9 n\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1edfi H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. C\u00e1c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. T\u00f2a ITLOS c\u00f3 hai th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh: gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. Ngo\u00e0i ra T\u00f2a c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i sinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u nhanh.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p, T\u00f2a ITLOS c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n XV UNCLOS. Khi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a UNCLOS, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a ITLOS, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 287 UNCLOS, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f2a ITLOS c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf M\u1ee5c I, Ph\u1ea7n XV v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 297 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 298. \u0110i\u1ec1u 288 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p T\u00f2a ITLOS gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa T\u00f2a ITLOS v\u00e0 T\u00f2a ICJ l\u00e0 trong khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00f2a ICJ,[9] T\u00f2a ITLOS m\u1edf cho m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a UNCLOS, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (nh\u01b0 EU). B\u00ean trong T\u00f2a ITLOS c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n (Seabed Dispute Chamber), g\u1ed3m 11 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb 21 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a ITLOS. Vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf V\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c to\u00e0 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 To\u00e0 ICJ v\u00e0 ITLOS m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c to\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c. Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a ITLOS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u00f2a ITLOS. SDC c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0110\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ISA) v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hai c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y. Trong khi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a SDC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u00ec th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u00f2a ITLOS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 21 Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VI UNCLOS (Quy ch\u1ebf T\u00f2a ITLOS). \u0110i\u1ec1u 21 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u201cbao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh cho T\u00f2a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c trao th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho T\u00f2a\u201d. Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u1ee5m \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c trao th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho T\u00f2a\u201d. T\u00f2a ITLOS cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110i\u1ec1u 21 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 trao cho T\u00f2a th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u201cc\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c\u201d m\u1edbi l\u00e0 trao th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y cho T\u00f2a. \u0110i\u1ec1u 21 v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c\u201d trao th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho T\u00f2a c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, T\u00f2a ITLOS v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 SCD \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ra l\u1ec7nh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 290. \u0110i\u1ec1u 290 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cN\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a m\u00e0 t\u00f2a \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n prima facia \u2026 t\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00f2a th\u1ea5y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean trong tranh ch\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, trong khi ch\u1edd ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.\u201d So v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 41 Quy ch\u1ebf T\u00f2a ICJ, th\u00ec \u0110i\u1ec1u 290 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u1eefa khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi: b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. Trong \u00e1n l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a (v\u00e0 T\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00e1n l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a ICJ), bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u1ebfu th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f2a ITLOS th\u1ee5 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, T\u00f2a c\u00f2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i \u0111ang th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. C\u00e1c t\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII v\u00e0 VIII c\u1ee7a UNCLOS l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh hay l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khi c\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 t\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i m\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n 06 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 V\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u00ean T\u00f2a ITLOS theo kho\u1ea3n 5, \u0110i\u1ec1u 290. Sau khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf hay x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u nhanh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 292 c\u1ee7a UNCLOS. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch nhanh t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 khi b\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n b\u1eaft gi\u1eef sau khi n\u1ed9p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0u sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd quay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u nhanh kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u 292 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: \u201cKhi c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft gi\u1eef t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n mang c\u1edd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft gi\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3 nhanh t\u00e0u v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u sau khi n\u1ed9p ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh hay c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00e1c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u kh\u1ecfi giam gi\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00f2a n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn trong 10 ng\u00e0y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m giam gi\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean t\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft gi\u1eef ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 287 ho\u1eb7c l\u00ean T\u00f2a \u00e1n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c.\u201d Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u nhanh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u00e0u b\u1eaft gi\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef. Ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0u t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 t\u00e0u mang c\u01a1 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c. Qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 t\u00e0u mang c\u1edd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n

T\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 To\u00e0 ITLOS n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn) s\u1ebd ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u nhanh n\u1ebfu qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u00e0u b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft gi\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3 nhanh t\u00e0u v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 sau khi n\u1ed9p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3 nhanh t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sinh v\u1eadt (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1) \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 73, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 220 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 226. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u nhanh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra quan ng\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n tranh ch\u1ea5p. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u nhanh th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 ng\u1ea7m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft gi\u1eef v\u00ec i) n\u1ed9p b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh v\u00e0 ii) c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft gi\u1eef t\u00e0u \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 73, 220 v\u00e0 226. C\u00e1c \u00e1n l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u nhanh c\u1ee7a ITLOS ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh. C\u00e1c \u00e1n l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh khi xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh. T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c vi ph\u1ea1m, h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft gi\u1eef, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 tr\u00ean t\u00e0u, m\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft gi\u1eef y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. S\u1ed1 v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u nhanh chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c To\u00e0 ITLOS xem x\u00e9t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u To\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u nhanh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 V\u1ee5 Tomimaru (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Nga) c\u00f3 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u0103m 2007. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m qua kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u nhanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c To\u00e0 ITLOS \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng to\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, qua \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n mang ra To\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

BDN\n

Aufrufe: 539<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 To\u00e0 \u00e1n C\u00f4ng l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 To\u00e0 \u00e1n Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[97,1,37,38],"tags":[103],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5511"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5511"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5511\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5513,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5511\/revisions\/5513"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}