{"id":7646,"date":"2020-12-23T17:51:30","date_gmt":"2020-12-23T16:51:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/?p=7646"},"modified":"2020-12-27T22:14:31","modified_gmt":"2020-12-27T21:14:31","slug":"tieng-viet-tq-va-tham-vong-khai-thac-bang-chay-o-bien-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/2020\/12\/23\/tieng-viet-tq-va-tham-vong-khai-thac-bang-chay-o-bien-dong\/","title":{"rendered":"TQ v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<strong><em>N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft bao qu\u00e1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c manh nha th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng; cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng khai th\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u1edf tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"mgthumbnails\" href=\"http:\/\/www.biendong.net\/images\/0.002\/328.jpg\" rel=\"group_5fe3749b4bf43\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.biendong.net\/images\/mgthumbnails\/564x561-images-0.002-328.jpg\" width=\"564\" height=\"561\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y (26\/3) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1eeba thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp 2 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u1ee3t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng (17\/2-18\/3) t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n Shenhu n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2002 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb sau n\u0103m 2013. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, mang t\u00ednh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi?<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y; m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c song ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd bao qu\u00e1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c manh nha th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng; cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng khai th\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u1edf tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u0103ng ch\u00e1y &#8211; ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Theo c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf 4 khu v\u1ef1c: Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, Bi\u1ec3n Hoa \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u00f9ng b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a cao nguy\u00ean Thanh T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u00e0nh \u0111ai ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c[1]. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 3% tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7ng b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n b\u1edd; c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 97% tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n Hoa \u0110\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2016 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n 74,4 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n d\u1ea7u[2] quy \u0111\u1ed5i. Tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee7 cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u00f2ng kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea7n 150 n\u0103m n\u1ebfu khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0, theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, con s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 74 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n d\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, khu v\u1ef1c Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c[3].<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, theo Trung Qu\u1ed1c, b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp khu v\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi l\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u0103m d\u00f2 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m qua nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng[4] do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cnh\u00f2m ng\u00f3\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u0111\u00f3, trong K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y qu\u1ed1c gia, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: \u201c\u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y; t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2020 \u2013 2030 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m khai th\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1eeb sau n\u0103m 2030 Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y\u201d[5].<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, trong K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13 (2016 \u2013 2020), Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, th\u0103m d\u00f2 khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra; \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n; khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d[6]. S\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, xong trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u01b0a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea3i ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3[7]. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c lu\u00f4n lo l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t b\u01b0\u1edbc 3 trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>Theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng (t\u1eeb 1998 \u2013 2008); hi\u1ec7n nay Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, th\u0103m d\u00f2 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khai th\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m (d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft n\u0103m 2020). Theo Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp 2 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc xa \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1y (t\u1eeb 2020 \u2013 2030)[8].<\/p>\n<p>Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c \u0110i\u1ec1u tra \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Do \u0111\u00f3, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u0103m d\u00f2, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai khoan th\u0103m d\u00f2 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. C\u00f2n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 v\u1ec1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m khai th\u00e1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 khai th\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Shenhu, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<p>-V\u1ec1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u0103m d\u00f2, trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 \u0110i\u1ec1u tra tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2002, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau khoan th\u0103m d\u00f2 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y cao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c: 1) b\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch Haizao Ho\u00e0ng Sa (Xisha Trough Basin), 2) khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch Qiong Dongnan n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, 3) khu v\u1ef1c Shenhu \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 4) khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Sa[9].<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e1ng 4-6\/2007, Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khoan th\u0103m d\u00f2 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Shenhu v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 4 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (sau M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) khoan th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00e1ng 6-9\/2013, Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khoan th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed khoan khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba Ch\u00e2u Giang (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng). Th\u00e1ng 6-9\/2015, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khoan \u1edf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 19 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u0103m d\u00f2 t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c Shenhu[10]. Sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khoan th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba[11].<\/p>\n<p>-V\u1ec1 khai th\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng 2 \u0111\u1ee3t khai th\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n Shenhu, c\u00e1ch H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng kho\u1ea3ng 300 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam (ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng). \u0110\u1ee3t khai th\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3-6\/2017. Trong \u0111\u1ee3t khai th\u00e1c n\u00e0y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khoan \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 1266m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 300.000 m3 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y trong v\u00f2ng kho\u1ea3ng 60 ng\u00e0y[12]. \u0110\u1ee3t khai th\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 2 c\u0169ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n Shenhu d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 1225m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 17\/2-18\/3\/2020. Trong \u0111\u1ee3t khai th\u00e1c n\u00e0y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 861.400 m3 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y, t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 28.700 m3 kh\u00ed. V\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y.[13]\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00ednh t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ef1c Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn; song trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 khoan th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n Shenhu v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba Ch\u00e2u Giang; v\u1ec1 khai th\u00e1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hai \u0111\u1ee3t khai th\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n Shenhu v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 1 tri\u1ec7u m3 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y trong g\u1ea7n 3 th\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ee3t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hay quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u00fang hai \u0111\u00edch\u201d, v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1eeba xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00e0n khoan th\u0103m d\u00f2 d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n HD981 n\u0103m 2014; \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e0u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t HD8 v\u00e0o ph\u00eda nam Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7-10\/2019 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 4-5\/2020 v\u1eeba qua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u0103m d\u00f2 d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 an ninh, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m ven xung quanh c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee1i b\u00f2\u201d c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u0103m d\u00f2, khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2002, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c th\u0103m d\u00f2 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c gia. N\u0103m 2004, Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u B\u0103ng ch\u00e1y thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 D\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y mang t\u00ean \u201cTh\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\u201d n\u0103m 2002; D\u1ef1 \u00e1n K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 863 (K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao Trung Qu\u1ed1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n N\u0103m n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 11). N\u0103m 2008, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 \u00e1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi n\u1eb1m trong K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 973 mang t\u00ean \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u0103m d\u00f2 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 ba, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, hi\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ee3t khai th\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m di\u1ec5n ra trong th\u00e1ng 3 v\u1eeba qua, s\u1edf d\u0129 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y do n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khoan, Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khoan ngang \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y[14]. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khoan ngang \u1edf t\u1ea7ng bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980s, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y.[15]\u00a0 V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao, hi\u1ec7n nay Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1eeba qua c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 32 chi ti\u1ebft thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t trong khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 6 h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 12 h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c[16]. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t r\u1ee7i ro v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y t\u1ea1o ra. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u1ee3t t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Shenhu.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n l\u00e0: v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t r\u1ee7i ro m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf. Hi\u1ec7n nay, chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 1 NDT\/m3. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 30 \u2013 50 usd\/ tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb BTU kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y (kho\u1ea3ng 220 \u2013 360 NDT). Theo nh\u01b0 IEA d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 4.7 \u2013 8.5 usd (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 33 \u2013 80 NDT) \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb BTU kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y[17]. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0, theo \u00f4ng Zhang Maorong, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Quan h\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c song song r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, v\u1eeba th\u0103m d\u00f2 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ecf b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i; v\u1eeba nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00ec m\u1edbi gi\u00fap Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u00ean.[18]\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y, c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 nh\u01b0 l\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n, s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n, hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n,\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00ed metan, n\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khoan kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n, nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 khoan b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y tho\u00e1t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00ed metan hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi n\u1ed5 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y th\u00ec h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n[19]. Do \u0111\u00f3, Trung Qu\u1ed1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, song c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00fat th\u1eaft quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng, b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khai th\u00e1c, s\u1edbm s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf trong c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai[20]. V\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i l\u1edbn, th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang t\u1ef1 tin l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00e0y. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cc\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c bi\u1ec3n\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, khi \u0111\u00f3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1n c\u00e2n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 70% hi\u1ec7n nay. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n nay, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1ecf b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5n d\u1ea7n sang c\u00e1c m\u1ecf \u1edf ph\u00eda v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Trung Sa, Ho\u00e0ng Sa r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tham v\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee1i b\u00f2\u201d. Khi \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1eaft s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u00f9ng l\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda nam Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1u ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 phi l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf ph\u00eda nam Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u2013 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n 150 n\u0103m nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hai \u0111\u1ee3t khai th\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Shenhu n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng h\u01a1n 1 tri\u1ec7u m3 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb hai \u0111\u1ee3t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 tin cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, x\u00e9t \u1edf b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y, tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed kinh t\u1ebf qu\u00e1 cao, \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Song, v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c \u201cki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d, khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d. Khi \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y trong khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng th\u00eam ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i ren.<\/p>\n<p>BDN\n<p>Aufrufe: 233<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft bao qu\u00e1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c manh nha th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng; cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng khai th\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[97,1,37,38],"tags":[103],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7646"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7646"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7648,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7646\/revisions\/7648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}