{"id":8420,"date":"2021-06-02T11:44:46","date_gmt":"2021-06-02T09:44:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/?p=8420"},"modified":"2021-06-02T22:58:11","modified_gmt":"2021-06-02T20:58:11","slug":"tieng-viet-mot-so-hoat-dong-bao-ve-bien-dao-mien-bac-duoi-trieu-nguyen-thoi-ky-1802-1885","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/2021\/06\/02\/tieng-viet-mot-so-hoat-dong-bao-ve-bien-dao-mien-bac-duoi-trieu-nguyen-thoi-ky-1802-1885\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n: th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1802 – 1885"},"content":{"rendered":"V\u1ecb th\u1ebf bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong con m\u1eaft vua Nguy\u1ec5n<\/strong>
\nTri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia. Bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ph\u00ean gi\u1eadu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Qu\u1ef3nh V\u0103n, B\u00e0u Tr\u00f3, Sa Hu\u1ef3nh… Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Kim c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft “t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean, bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\u201d<\/em>(<\/a>[1]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Trong cu\u1ed1n\u00a0Bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5<\/em>, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng: “Bi\u1ec3n gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta<\/em>“(<\/a>[2]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/em>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o. Bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p bao ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00f4m, c\u00e1, m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i l\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00e1n ng\u1ef1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, n\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u. Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. \u1ede trong t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u1ecb v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n xem tr\u1ecdng\u00a0 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o\u00a0\u201cth\u1eddi Gia Long – Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan tu\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m (tu\u1ea7n tra ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t), d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Sa, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa, B\u1eafc H\u1ea3i… \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 khai th\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa \u1edf gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d<\/em>(<\/a>[3]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng giao l\u01b0u s\u1edbm v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 v\u1ecbnh, c\u1ea3ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. \u201cTr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c ta, \u1edf hai khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nam c\u00f3 hai v\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n gi\u1eef v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba – kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ecba – chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1ecbnh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 s\u1edbm c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc \u00c1\u201d<\/em>(<\/a>[4]<\/a>)<\/sup>. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u00f3 \u201cMinh M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi xa x\u00f4i<\/em>\u201d(<\/a>[5]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00e1n ng\u1eef con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c phong ki\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, n\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t cao v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ea7n tra ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tu\u1ea7n tra ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n. Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, vua Minh M\u1ec7nh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 18 [1837] D\u1ee5 b\u1ed9 Binh r\u1eb1ng\u201cB\u1edd bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng\u201d<\/em>(<\/a>[6]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb khi vua Gia Long l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n tra, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea3i t\u1eb7c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o. Trong cu\u1ed1n\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>, khi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n tra bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a vua Gia Long, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim vi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, b\u1edfi v\u1eady vua Th\u1ebf t\u1ed5 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n binh quy\u1ec1n<\/em>\u201d(<\/a>[7]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp \u201cNh\u00e0 vua l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1ec3<\/em>\u201d(<\/a>[8]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Tu\u1ea7n tra ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m ch\u1ed1t gi\u1eef ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u00e1c vua Gia Long v\u00e0 Minh M\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai vua h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c coi tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang g\u00ec bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n Trung m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c. \u201cVua Gia Long v\u00e0 Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i t\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, n\u00ean ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea9n m\u1eadt t\u1ea1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n tra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c vua Nguy\u1ec5n c\u0169ng ban h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tu\u1ea7n tra l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1i l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a tu\u1ea7n tra m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Minh M\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111i tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng ven bi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 thao luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch l\u00e1i thuy\u1ec1n cho quen thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, khi\u1ebfn cho b\u1ecdn gi\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n nghe tin kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m g\u00e2y s\u1ef1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a tu\u1ea7n tra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n\u201d<\/em>(<\/a>[9]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i am hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3, con n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n… nh\u1eb1m trang b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o. Vua Gia Long \u0111\u00e3 \u201cl\u1ec7nh cho B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp cu\u1ed1n \u201cH\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e1ch\u201d tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf tra t\u1eadp c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch. N\u1ed9i dung bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 m\u01b0a gi\u00f3\u201d, \u201cNh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u00eang k\u1ef5 khi ch\u1ea1y t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n\u201d, \u201cnh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u00eang k\u1ef5 khi \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n\u201d, v\u00e0 T\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 qua, t\u1eadp trung nh\u1eefng tai n\u1ea1n t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c n\u01a1i ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n trong v\u00f9ng h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t cho th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d<\/em>(<\/a>[10]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Ngo\u00e0i ra, tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n cho \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c c\u00e1c c\u1eeda b\u1ec3 ven bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1ea7m, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t ng\u1ea7m… Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f2n cho v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n qua l\u1ea1i tr\u00e1nh va ph\u1ea3i, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i. \u201cV\u1eady truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c vi\u00ean coi \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1eeda b\u1ec3 trong h\u1ea1t, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m nay ph\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n s\u1edf t\u1ea1i, r\u1ed9ng, h\u1eb9p, n\u00f4ng s\u00e2u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c cho t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda ven bi\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n b\u1edd, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1, gh\u1ec1nh \u0111\u00e1, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t n\u00f4ng, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t ng\u1ea7m, m\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i chua r\u00f5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi b\u1edd bao nhi\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u01b0\u1edbc; n\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch b\u1edd xa, kh\u00f3 xem x\u00e9t \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3c xem xa g\u1ea7n m\u1ea5y d\u1eb7m, \u0111i b\u1ed9 m\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u1ea5y kh\u1eafc th\u00ec v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd, v\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y tr\u00f4ng l\u00ean n\u00fai tr\u00ean b\u1edd xem h\u00ecnh n\u00f3 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec, nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i bi\u00ean k\u00ea h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 ra, \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn. H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 6 th\u00e1ng 7 ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p nhau, s\u1edf t\u1ea1i g\u1eedi b\u1ea3n bi\u00ean k\u00ea \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c giao cho thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea5n l\u01b0u chi\u1ec3u. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 \u0111i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i; n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m sai th\u00ec nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1eeda b\u1ec3 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec b\u1ecb chi\u1ec3u lu\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i. R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i chu\u1ea9n cho B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng t\u01b0 \u0111i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfu theo h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn trong h\u1ea1t, v\u1ebd th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9p b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 x\u00e9t d\u00f9ng<\/em>\u201d(<\/a>[11]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

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B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1ebd kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1838, \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd Ho\u00e0ng Sa, V\u1ea1n l\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o ven b\u1edd mi\u1ec1n Trung Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c vua \u0111\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao xem tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Minh M\u1ec7nh v\u1ecb vua th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an ninh l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i tu\u1ea7n tra ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an ninh bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n y\u00ean t\u00e2m \u0111i l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u201c21 n\u0103m tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a vua Minh M\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00d4ng ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan t\u00e2m n\u1ec1n an ninh c\u00f5i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 bi\u1ec3n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ban b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c quy ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u201ctu\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh\u201d, \u201ctu\u1ea7n thuy\u1ec1n quy th\u1ee9c\u201d, v.v… nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ed1ng c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n, tr\u1ea1m d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn an ninh cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ven bi\u1ec3n\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[12]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0m c\u1eeda ch\u1eafn cho kinh \u0111\u00f4 Hu\u1ebf, song \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m so v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u201cs\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, ven b\u1edd v\u1ecbnh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n 2.300 \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 800km2<\/sup>, ven b\u1edd mi\u1ec1n Trung c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 250 \u0111\u1ea3o, v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 170km2<\/sup>, ven b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n 200 \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 679km<\/em>2\u201d(<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0110\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, vua tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng quan s\u1edf t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh ra th\u00ec c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec1n binh n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa. N\u0103m Minh M\u1ec7nh th\u1ee9 4 [1823] \u201cSai h\u01a1n 270 bi\u1ec1n binh c\u01a1 Ng\u0169 th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n ng\u1ed3i 42 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7u \u00d4 L\u00ea, theo ch\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u1ea1nh \u0111i B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh thay nhau \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/a>)<\/sup>. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u0103n c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01a1 l\u00e0. N\u0103m Minh M\u1ec7nh th\u1ee9 10 [1829], ban D\u1ee5 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb tr\u1edf ra B\u1eafc, t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Nam tr\u1edf v\u00e0o Nam, \u0111\u1ec1u nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1i 3, 4 thuy\u1ec1n binh, theo h\u1ea1t \u0111i tu\u1ea7n x\u00e9t. M\u1ed7i khi g\u1eb7p thuy\u1ec1n d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Thanh, ho\u1eb7c trong thuy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u00fang \u1ed1ng, kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt h\u00e0ng n\u0103m b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd, nguy\u00ean do ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea5n \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t t\u00e2u l\u00ean, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t x\u00e9t r\u00f5, x\u1eed t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam b\u1ef1c, t\u00e2u l\u00ean\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[15]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Ngo\u00e0i ra trong D\u1ee5 c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n tra th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam minh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n c\u1edb m\u00e0 h\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ch, qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i\u00a0 thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n \u201cNh\u1eefng thuy\u1ec1n binh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i \u0111i, c\u0169ng n\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n. Khi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c, th\u00ec quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed7i n\u1eb7ng \u1ea5y\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/em><\/strong><\/a>)<\/sup>. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tu\u1ea7n tra l\u1ee1 c\u00f3 tai n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3 b\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00ecm t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh quan t\u00e2m c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec1n tu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u1ec7 c\u1ea5p tu\u1ea5t cho quan v\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh \u00a0b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n b\u00e3o. Ph\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 c\u00f2n m\u1ea5t, cai \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec1n 30 quan, \u00a0ph\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i 20 quan, \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng 15 quan, binh l\u00ednh 10 quan, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[17]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1eeba l\u00e0m b\u1edbt \u0111i nh\u1eefng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a quan qu\u00e2n, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng \u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c. N\u0103m Minh M\u1ec7nh th\u1ee9 11 [1830], ban D\u1ee5 r\u1eb1ng \u201cC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh tr\u1edf ra B\u1eafc, t\u1eeb nay v\u1ec1 sau h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7 th\u00ec th\u00f4i, hai l\u1ea7n li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1i thuy\u1ec1n binh t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n gi\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 neo \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 thuy\u1ec1n d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1eadu, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd, th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1eaft gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 tra x\u00e9t t\u00e2u l\u00ean\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[18]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n tra ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u00f3i ri\u00eang d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n th\u01b0\u1eddng giao cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh quy, \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i cho quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u0103m Minh M\u1ec7nh th\u1ee9 15 [1834], ban D\u1ee5 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c, Tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7, B\u1ed1 ch\u00e1nh, \u00c1n s\u00e1t \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ven bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn trong h\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c cho d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111em thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh nh\u1eb9n. N\u01a1i d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec l\u00e0m 3 chi\u1ebfc, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u00edt th\u00ec l\u00e0m 2 chi\u1ebfc. M\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean, d\u01b0\u1edbi 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa h\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau, th\u00ec Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec1n. L\u1ea1i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e0i, s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1n, giao cho d\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u1ea5y nh\u1eadn l\u0129nh, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111i tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m. Khi g\u1eb7p gi\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea1y b\u00e1o, cho kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp vi\u1ec7c<\/em>\u201d(<\/sup><\/a>[19]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Do \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn xa v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 trang b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n binh tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p k\u00ednh thi\u00ean l\u00fd. N\u0103m Minh M\u1ec7nh th\u1ee9 10 [1829], ban Ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cv\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n m\u00f4ng m\u00eanh, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 k\u00ednh thi\u00ean l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng xa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eady cho tr\u00edch ra 3 chi\u1ebfc, giao cho m\u1ed9t t\u00ean th\u1ecb v\u1ec7, do \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea1m ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb Ngh\u1ec7 An tr\u1edf ra B\u1eafc, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n binh \u1ea5y chia c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng khi nh\u00ecn xem t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh gi\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n, khi vi\u1ec7c xong l\u1ea1i \u0111em v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9p\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[20]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eeb b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c quan binh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 th\u00ec tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f2n cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tu\u1ea7n tra v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng trong n\u0103m m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1n c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n di\u1ec5n ra. N\u0103m Minh M\u1ec7nh th\u1ee9 16 [1835], ban D\u1ee5 r\u1eb1ng: \u201ccho t\u1eeb nay v\u1ec1 sau, m\u1ed7i khi m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, th\u00ec do \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1c Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111em thuy\u1ec1n binh thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c bi\u1ec1n binh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng ra bi\u1ec3n, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn qua l\u1ea1i tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o \u0111o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00ec cho t\u01b0 b\u1ed9 tr\u00edch th\u00eam thuy\u1ec1n binh, c\u00f9ng \u0111i do th\u00e1m\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[21]<\/a>)<\/sup>. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n tra ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u00a0 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an t\u00e2m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra kh\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 an ninh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh thu h\u00fat th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n

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B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n La tinh – Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Jean Louis Taberd xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1838 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Paracel hay C\u00e1t V\u00e0ng (Paracel seu C\u00e1t V\u00e0ng) v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa hi\u1ec7n nay<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tu\u1ea7n tra bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft huy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, Minh M\u1ec7nh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 16 [1835], D\u1ee5 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cc\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng 2, 3 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n nhanh nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 sai nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m\u201d, \u201cc\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch l\u00ednh \u1edf t\u1ec9nh, chia ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o thuy\u1ec1n nhanh ra bi\u1ec3n \u0111i tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n s\u1edf t\u1ea1i h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng do th\u00e1m. N\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p thuy\u1ec1n gi\u1eb7c, th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p<\/em>\u201d(<\/sup><\/a>[22]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao m\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n gi\u00fap gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau ra kh\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Minh M\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 \u00f4ng vua c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00fac vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n tra v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Minh M\u1ec7nh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 7 [1826] \u201cVua sai b\u1eaft th\u00eam 70 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 200 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u1edf Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean theo quan qu\u00e2n chia ph\u00e1i \u0111i tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n<\/em>\u201d(<\/sup><\/a>[23]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ta trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh trang b\u1ecb k\u00ednh thi\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u00e1c m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n, thuy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam th\u00ec ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e2y b\u1eaft\u00a0\u201cl\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e8n \u1edf thuy\u1ec1n \u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft to 2 ch\u1eef t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n, ban \u0111\u00eam treo l\u00ean l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7u. \u1ede h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0o trong khi du tu\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p gi\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n, ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2y b\u1eaft, th\u00ec b\u1eafn 3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c, ban \u0111\u00eam th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1t 5 chi\u1ebfc ph\u00e1o th\u0103ng thi\u00ean l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7u. Thuy\u1ec1n \u00f4 li\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1eb7n b\u1eaft, thuy\u1ec1n nhanh nh\u1eb9 l\u1eadp theo s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, t\u1edbi b\u00e1o cho quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1i binh \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eaft, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t chuy\u1ec3n b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n gi\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1nh\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[24]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea3o h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh n\u01a1i \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i xung y\u1ebfu th\u00ec tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1eabn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ec5u tr\u1eeb gi\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Minh M\u1ec7nh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 17 [1836], t\u1ec9nh th\u1ea7n Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean t\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u201cCh\u00e2u V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n trong t\u1ec9nh h\u1ea1t thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 nha H\u1ea3i Ninh ki\u00eam l\u00fd, d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u1ea5y d\u1eabu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2 x\u00e3, m\u00e0 \u1edf h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh tr\u00ean h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o, gi\u00e1p gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1ch xa ph\u1ee7 l\u1ef5 h\u00e0ng 2 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nay th\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft th\u00ec n\u00ean coi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u huy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c trong thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ed5, m\u00e0 t\u00ean ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf. Xin \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng V\u00e2n H\u1ea3i, ch\u00e2u V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1eb7t 1 Cai t\u1ed5ng, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd\u201d<\/em>(<\/a>[25]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Vua chu\u1ea9n y l\u1eddi t\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u00f3i ri\u00eang n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf nh\u1eefng vua \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Ngay khi n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00ean ng\u00f4i vua, Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 cho ban D\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n tra bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o \u201cm\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111i tu\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 D\u1ee5 cho t\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c s\u1edf ph\u00eda nam, ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1i cho thuy\u1ec1n binh qua l\u1ea1i tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m r\u1ed3i\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[26]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, vua Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o. Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai [1842], nh\u00e0 vua ban D\u1ee5 r\u1eb1ng \u201ctruy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1eeb Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean, c\u0169ng theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, nghi\u00eam s\u1ee9c, cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 trong h\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1i thuy\u1ec1n binh \u0111i tu\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, chi\u1ebfu theo h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng theo l\u1ed1i c\u0169, \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft m\u01b0a l\u1ee5t \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd r\u00fat v\u1ec1\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[27]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra cho vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n tra ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t xem tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nhau. Bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf xa x\u00f4i so v\u1edbi kinh \u0111\u00f4 n\u00ean c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 s\u1ebd l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 xa c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1edbp nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n tra ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c vua n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00fa \u00fd quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n tra ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o, lu\u00f4n xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00ean n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u00f3i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an cho bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o, \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, sau l\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ngay khi v\u1eeba m\u1edbi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean [1848] vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ban D\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o \u201cnay kh\u00ed tr\u1eddi quang t\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n qua l\u1ea1i. N\u00ean ph\u00e1i thuy\u1ec1n binh \u0111i tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m, cho nghi\u00eam v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n. V\u1eady cho ph\u00e1i 1 vi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n v\u1ec7 qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n c\u01a1, 2 vi\u00ean su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 binh, 80 t\u00ean bi\u1ec1n binh, 2 vi\u00ean bi\u00ean su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y s\u01b0, 80 t\u00ean bi\u1ec1n binh, 25 t\u00ean ph\u00e1o th\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n c\u01a1, chia ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0110i\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, 2 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u00f4, ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn. L\u1ea1i ph\u00e1i m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n v\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9i, 55 t\u00ean bi\u1ec1n binh th\u1ee7y s\u01b0, 2 vi\u00ean su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9i, 55 t\u00ean bi\u1ec1n binh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 binh, 18 t\u00ean ph\u00e1o th\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n c\u01a1, chia v\u00e0o ng\u1ed3i 2 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n Thanh h\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u00f4, ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean s\u1eeda sang thuy\u1ec1n binh, nh\u1eadn l\u0129nh kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi, thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1n, \u1ed1ng phun l\u1eeda, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 k\u00ednh thi\u00ean l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 2, t\u1eeb c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n Thu\u1eadn An nh\u00e2n thu\u1eadn gi\u00f3, ra kh\u01a1i. Ph\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n tra nh\u01b0 thoi d\u1ec7t, c\u1ed1t m\u00f4n cho gi\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[28]<\/a>)<\/sup>. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n Nam, quan qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1eabn ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o, n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 24 [1871], vua b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: \u201cHai h\u1ea1t H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean, v\u00f9ng c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song t\u00e0u b\u00e8 \u0111i l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1eafc c\u1eedi, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng gi\u1eef l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t sung y\u1ebfu. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng chu\u1ea9n cho l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eb7t s\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u01a1i c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ea1t \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00eam m\u1eadt\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[29]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m n\u00ean c\u00e1c vua lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, Minh M\u1ec7nh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 17 [1836], ban Ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cc\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n b\u00e0n trong t\u1eadp t\u00e2u, l\u00e0 do t\u1eeb \u00fd ki\u1ebfn mu\u1ed1n cho tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng chu \u0111\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng theo l\u1eddi b\u00e0n th\u00ec ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 d\u1ec7t c\u1eedi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n x\u00f4ng pha s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eabm th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee1. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[30]<\/a>)<\/sup>. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00e1c vua Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u00eam l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng cho quan qu\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o: \u201cNh\u1eefng quan binh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i \u0111i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng cho n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 chi ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ec1u cho theo l\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 l\u00e0m\u201d<\/em>(<\/sup><\/a>[31]<\/a>)<\/sup>. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m th\u00ec tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n minh n\u1ebfu ai kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u201cn\u1ebfu tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i gi\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n s\u01a1 h\u1edf l\u00e9n l\u00fat n\u1ed5i l\u00ean th\u00ec ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng tha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nam \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean, c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfu theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, nghi\u00eam s\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n binh ph\u00e1i \u0111i tu\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, chi\u1ebfu theo h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn \u0111i tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1m. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng cho xong vi\u1ec7c, k\u1ebbo can l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf<\/em>\u201d(<\/sup><\/a>[32]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y nay n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i chung d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam, r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

\u0110O\u00c0N ANH TH\u00c1I\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a>\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Kim (2011), \u201cT\u1eeb huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 t\u1ea7ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea3o trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d, NCLS<\/em>, (9), Tr. 3.<\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>\u00a0Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 (1996),\u00a0Bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5,\u00a0<\/em>Nxb V\u0103n h\u00f3a – Th\u00f4ng tin, Tr. 3.<\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>\u00a0Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 (1996),\u00a0Bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5,\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0S\u0111d, Tr. 34.<\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Kim (2009), \u201cT\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3ng\u201d, NCLS<\/em>,(9), Tr. 3.<\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Minh T\u01b0\u1eddng (2007), \u201cVua Minh M\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d, X\u01b0a nay<\/em>, (286), Tr. 15.<\/div>\n
[6]<\/a>\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2007),\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, T\u1eadp 5,<\/em>\u00a0b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Tr. 37.<\/div>\n
[7]<\/a>\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim (2006),\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>, Nxb Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, Hu\u1ebf, Tr. 440.<\/div>\n
[8]<\/a>\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim (2006),\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>, S\u0111d. Tr. 440.<\/div>\n
[9]<\/a>\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Chi, Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0u H\u1ea1nh (2011),\u00a0\u201cCh\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a vua Gia Long v\u00e0 Minh M\u1ea1ng\u201d, NCLS, (9),\u00a0<\/em>Tr. 42 – 43.<\/div>\n
[10]<\/a>\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Chi, Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0u H\u1ea1nh (2011),\u00a0\u201cCh\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a vua Gia Long v\u00e0 Minh M\u1ea1ng\u201d<\/em>, S\u0111d, Tr. 42 – 43.<\/div>\n
[11]<\/a>\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2007),\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c,\u00a0<\/em>T\u1eadp 3, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Tr. 165.<\/div>\n
[12]<\/a>\u00a0Vu H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng (2008), \u201c\u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vua Minh M\u1ea1ng<\/em>\u201d,\u00a0 X\u01b0a nay, (317), Tr. 55.<\/div>\n
[13]<\/a>\u00a0T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea3o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>\u00a0(2009), Nxb Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, Tr. 61.<\/div>\n
[14]<\/a>\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2007),\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c,\u00a0<\/em>T\u1eadp 2, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Tr. 298.<\/div>\n
[15]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, Tr\u1ea7n Huy H\u00e0n – Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch, Nxb Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, Hu\u1ebf, Tr. 425.<\/div>\n
[16]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5,\u00a0 S\u0111d, Tr. 425.<\/div>\n
[17]<\/a>\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2007),\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, T\u1eadp 1<\/em>, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Tr. 912.<\/div>\n
[18]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, Tr\u1ea7n Huy H\u00e0n – Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch, Nxb Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, Hu\u1ebf, Tr. 426.<\/div>\n
[19]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, S\u0111d, Tr. 426.<\/div>\n
[20]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, S\u0111d, Tr. 425.<\/div>\n
[21]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, S\u0111d, Tr. 427.<\/div>\n
[22]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, S\u0111d. Tr. 427.<\/div>\n
[23]<\/a>\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2007),\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c,\u00a0<\/em>T\u1eadp 2, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Tr. 494.<\/div>\n
[24]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, Tr\u1ea7n Huy H\u00e0n – Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch, Nxb Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, Hu\u1ebf, Tr. 428.<\/div>\n
[25]<\/a>\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2007),\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, T\u1eadp<\/em>\u00a04, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t,\u00a0 Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Tr. 1065.<\/div>\n
[26]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, Tr\u1ea7n Huy H\u00e0n – Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch, Nxb Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, Hu\u1ebf, Tr. 435.<\/div>\n
[27]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, S\u0111d, Tr. 436.<\/div>\n
[28]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, S\u0111d, Tr. 437- 438.<\/div>\n
[29]<\/a>\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2007),\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, T\u1eadp<\/em>\u00a07, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Tr. 1307.<\/div>\n
[30]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, Tr\u1ea7n Huy H\u00e0n – Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch, Nxb Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, Hu\u1ebf, Tr. 429.<\/div>\n
[31]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, S\u0111d, Tr. 436.<\/div>\n
[32]<\/a>\u00a0N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (2004),\u00a0Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7,<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eadp 5, S\u0111d, Tr. 438.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Aufrufe: 756<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1ecb th\u1ebf bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong con m\u1eaft vua Nguy\u1ec5n Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia. Bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ph\u00ean gi\u1eadu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[39],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8420"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8420"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8423,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8420\/revisions\/8423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}