{"id":16284,"date":"2024-10-25T13:54:58","date_gmt":"2024-10-25T11:54:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/?p=16284"},"modified":"2024-10-28T19:40:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-28T18:40:39","slug":"tieng-viet-30-nam-unclos-co-hieu-luc-vai-tro-cua-co-che-giai-quyet-tranh-chap-bat-buoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/2024\/10\/25\/tieng-viet-30-nam-unclos-co-hieu-luc-vai-tro-cua-co-che-giai-quyet-tranh-chap-bat-buoc\/","title":{"rendered":"30 n\u0103m UNCLOS c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c: Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y 16\/11\/1994, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n 1982 (UNCLOS) ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, x\u00e1c l\u1eadp khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a UNCLOS \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n 30 n\u0103m qua cho th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a UNCLOS \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a UNCLOS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a UNCLOS, khi ph\u00e1t sinh tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trao \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n<\/em> \u0111\u01b0a tranh ch\u1ea5p ra m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n c\u01a1 quan g\u1ed3m T\u00f2a \u00e1n Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ITLOS), T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u00f4ng l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ICJ), T\u00f2a Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII, ho\u1eb7c T\u00f2a Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VIII. B\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5<\/em> tham gia ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan th\u1ee5 l\u00fd, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng tham gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a UNCLOS l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 Philippines \u0111\u01b0a tranh ch\u1ea5p Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ra T\u00f2a Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII v\u00e0 T\u00f2a ra Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 12\/7\/2016 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c y\u00eau s\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng d\u00f9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng tham gia ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh x\u00e9t x\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1982 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh t\u00f9y nghi. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a UNCLOS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n 30 n\u0103m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a UNCLOS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea3i qua 30 n\u0103m t\u1eeb khi UNCLOS c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a UNCLOS \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i ITLOS, \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 33 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f2a th\u1ee5 l\u00fd, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u nhanh, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. ITLOS c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh V\u1ecbnh Bengal gi\u1eefa Bangladesh v\u00e0 Myanmar \u2013 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa Mauritius v\u00e0 Maldives \u2013 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, hay v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa gi\u1eefa Ghana v\u00e0 C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua Vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ITLOS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean UNCLOS kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u01a1 quan gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p, T\u00f2a Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 15 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f2a Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa Barbados v\u1edbi Trinidad v\u00e0 Tobago, v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa Guyana v\u00e0 Suriname v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n \u1edf V\u1ecbnh Bengal gi\u1eefa Bangladesh v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. T\u00f2a Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb v\u00e2y xanh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam gi\u1eefa New Zealand, Australia v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y MOX gi\u1eefa Ireland v\u00e0 Anh, v\u1ee5 l\u1ea5n bi\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa Malaysia v\u00e0 Singapore, v\u1ee5 khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n Chagos gi\u1eefa Mauritius v\u00e0 Anh; hay c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 t\u00e0u ARA Libertad gi\u1eefa Argentina v\u00e0 Ghana, v\u1ee5 t\u00e0u Arctic Sunrise gi\u1eefa H\u00e0 Lan v\u00e0 Nga, v\u1ee5 t\u00e0u Enrica Lexie gi\u1eefa Italy v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c giam gi\u1eef t\u00e0u v\u00e0 l\u00ednh h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Ukraine gi\u1eefa Ukraine v\u00e0 Nga. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t T\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en, Bi\u1ec3n Azov, v\u00e0 K\u00eanh Kerch gi\u1eefa Ukraine v\u00e0 Nga, v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 Philippines ki\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a UNCLOS, nhi\u1ec1u tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1.  ITLOS \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft 3 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, 2 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00dac, 1 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Malaysia, Singapore v\u00e0 Myanmar. C\u00e1c T\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII c\u1ee7a UNCLOS th\u1ee5 l\u00fd 2 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, 1 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 1 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Philippines. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an LHQ, ITLOS \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd 5 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Nga, 3 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p, 1 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Anh. C\u00e1c T\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII c\u1ee7a UNCLOS c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee5 l\u00fd 2 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Nga, 2 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Anh, 1 tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a UNCLOS. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qua v\u1ee5 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n Timor Sea gi\u1eefa Timor-Leste v\u00e0 Australia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a UNCLOS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a UNCLOS \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. Theo \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p UNCLOS v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00ean t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ba l\u1ea7n tham gia th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i ITLOS v\u00e0 trong c\u1ea3 ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ITLOS. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 hai tranh ch\u1ea5p do Nga \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean ITLOS, trong c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ee5, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea3 t\u00e0u theo ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a.  \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y MOX, hai tu\u1ea7n sau khi ITLOS ban h\u00e0nh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, Ireland v\u00e0 Anh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean T\u00f2a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ef1c thi.  \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee5 l\u1ea5n bi\u1ec3n, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ITLOS, Malaysia v\u00e0 Singapore \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea5n bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Singapore; khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai b\u00ean ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n, ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a UNCLOS c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00ean tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7. Trong v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa Barbados v\u1edbi Trinidad v\u00e0 Tobago, sau khi T\u00f2a Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII ra Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n, hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 hoan ngh\u00eanh v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa Guyana v\u00e0 Surinam, sau khi T\u00f2a Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII ra Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft, hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a.  \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n \u1edf V\u1ecbnh Bengal gi\u1eefa Bangladesh v\u00e0 Myanmar v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa Bangladesh v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c thi Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft. Trong v\u1ee5 Ghana v. C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, ngay sau khi Vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ITLOS ra Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n, hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o chung, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh hai n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 trong tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee6y ban H\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u0169ng cam k\u1ebft tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban. Ng\u00e0y 26\/9\/2016, Australia tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban H\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i.  N\u0103m 2018, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00ean k\u00fd k\u1ebft theo khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban H\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a UNCLOS trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a UNCLOS, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a UNCLOS c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n UNCLOS \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ea5p Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0110i\u1ec1u 121(3) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ri\u00eang. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a y\u00eau s\u00e1ch \u201cquy\u1ec1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d trong \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u0169ng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a To\u00e0 Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tranh ch\u1ea5p Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, thu h\u1eb9p r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n tranh ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa; h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Philippines cho bi\u1ebft Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y, t\u0103ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Philippines, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Philippines trong tranh ch\u1ea5p Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng h\u00e0m t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c y\u00eau s\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi UNCLOS, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a UNCLOS trong 30 n\u0103m qua k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi UNCLOS c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a UNCLOS. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean UNCLOS, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc, do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0a tranh ch\u1ea5p ra gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u201cnguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn\u201d trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a UNCLOS l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00ec bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, Ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00ean tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn mang l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00e1ch quan, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, chung th\u1ea9m, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, t\u1ea1o th\u00eam th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea7n XV, UNCLOS \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u201cs\u00e2n ch\u01a1i\u201d b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00f9 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a UNCLOS \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3  ch\u00e2u \u00c1, khu v\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng\u201d v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a UNCLOS. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, khi m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a UNCLOS, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a UNCLOS \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p, qua \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba xung \u0111\u1ed9t, duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BDN<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

Aufrufe: 244<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y 16\/11\/1994, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n 1982 (UNCLOS) ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, x\u00e1c l\u1eadp khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a UNCLOS \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[97,1,37,38],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16284"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16284"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16284\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16301,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16284\/revisions\/16301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}