{"id":16586,"date":"2025-01-22T19:33:25","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T18:33:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/?p=16586"},"modified":"2025-01-22T19:33:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T18:33:28","slug":"tieng-viet-chung-cu-lich-su-phap-ly-bac-bo-cai-goi-la-chu-quyen-cua-tq-doi-voi-quan-dao-hoang-sa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/2025\/01\/22\/tieng-viet-chung-cu-lich-su-phap-ly-bac-bo-cai-goi-la-chu-quyen-cua-tq-doi-voi-quan-dao-hoang-sa\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1p l\u00fd b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n\u201d c\u1ee7a TQ \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y 19\/1\/2025 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p trong 51 n\u0103m qua kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra danh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Ho\u00e0ng Sa b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI khi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7. C\u00e1c vua, ch\u00faa tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 \u00fd ch\u00ed nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111i bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Sa \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. Ch\u00ednh s\u1eed tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1 nay \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch Ph\u1ee7 Bi\u00ean t\u1ea1p l\u1ee5c, vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1776, c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n ghi r\u00f5: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Sa 70 su\u1ea5t, l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 An V\u0129nh sung v\u00e0o, c\u1eaft phi\u00ean m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u1ee9 th\u00e1ng ba nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea5y sai \u0111i, mang l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n 6 th\u00e1ng, \u0111i b\u1eb1ng 5 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n ti\u1ec3u c\u00e2u ra bi\u1ec3n 3 ng\u00e0y 3 \u0111\u00eam th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Tha h\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0\u1ee3m, b\u1eaft chim b\u1eaft c\u00e1 m\u00e0 \u0103n. L\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1m ng\u1ef1a, hoa b\u1ea1c, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, v\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, thi\u1ebfc kh\u1ed1i, ch\u00ec \u0111en, s\u00fang, ng\u00e0 voi, s\u00e1p ong, \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ed3 chi\u00ean c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0\u1ee3m mai \u0111\u1ed3i m\u1ed3i, mai h\u1ea3i ba, h\u1ea3i s\u00e2m, h\u1ed9t \u1ed1c hoa, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 th\u00e1ng 8 v\u1ec1, v\u00e0o c\u1eeda Eo, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p. C\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1ng xong m\u1edbi cho \u0111em b\u00e1n ri\u00eang c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u1ed1c hoa, h\u1ea3i ba, h\u1ea3i s\u00e2m, r\u1ed7i l\u0129nh b\u1eb1ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean (1848) ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Sa. N\u0103m 1815, 1816, vua Gia Long c\u1eed \u0110\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Sa ra Ho\u00e0ng Sa xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c thu\u1ef7 tr\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 ghi nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0o, c\u1eeda b\u1ec3 n\u00e0o thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn, s\u1ebd \u0111o n\u01a1i \u1ea5y chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, chi\u1ec1u ngang, b\u1ec1 cao, b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng, chu vi bao nhi\u00eau, r\u00e0 b\u00ean b\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng hay s\u00e2u. C\u00f3 c\u00e1t ng\u1ea7m, \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ecfm hay kh\u00f4ng, \u1edf t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf hay b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, xem \u0111o t\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ebd th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3n, chi\u1ebfu khi kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh, do c\u1eeda b\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ra b\u1ec3, tr\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 l\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u1ea5y, c\u1ee9 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i kh\u1ea5u t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng? L\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed1n \u1ea5y tr\u00f4ng v\u00e0o b\u1edd b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh h\u1ea1t n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o? \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bao nhi\u00eau d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng? Ghi n\u00f3i minh b\u1ea1ch trong ho\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u1edf Ho\u00e0ng Sa c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f3 Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng, thi h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 v\u1ec7 thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1ec7 gi\u00e1m th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00ednh Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ra ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec d\u00e2n binh \u0110\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Sa lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng 1 hay 2 quan ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf v\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 14 (1833), Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra Ho\u00e0ng Sa d\u1ef1ng bia ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 17 (1836), c\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra Ho\u00e0ng Sa ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c thu\u1ef7 tr\u00ecnh, v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f2n c\u1eafm c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c, d\u1ef1ng bia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb k\u1ef7, ghi r\u00f5: \u201cVua Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 y theo l\u1eddi t\u00e2u c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng sai su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9i thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m H\u1eefu Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a binh thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i, \u0111em theo 10 c\u00e1i b\u00e0i g\u1ed7 d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed1c d\u1ea5u. M\u1ed7i b\u00e0i g\u1ed7 d\u00e0i 5 th\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed9ng 6 t\u1ea5c v\u00e0 d\u00e0y 1 t\u1ea5c, m\u1eb7t bia kh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef: \u201cN\u0103m Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 17, n\u0103m B\u00ednh Th\u00e2n, thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u1ea1m H\u1eefu Nh\u1eadt, v\u00e2ng m\u1ec7nh ra Ho\u00e0ng Sa xem x\u00e9t, \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua ch\u00faa Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1ng ch\u00f9a, mi\u1ebfu m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa. N\u0103m Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 16 (1835), Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed cai \u0111\u1ed9i thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean \u0111em l\u00ednh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng phu thuy\u1ec1n 2 t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1ng mi\u1ebfu, sai tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i n\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y l\u00e0m d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i khi qua l\u1ea1i\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (1802 \u2013 1945). Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u t\u00edch b\u00fat ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng son \u0111\u1ecf. Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng Sa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong h\u01a1n 700 Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef th\u00ec c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 19 t\u1edd Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean hai qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. N\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c t\u1edd ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n tr\u00ean hai qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa. Theo n\u1ed9i dung 19 t\u1edd Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1eed c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Sa v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y th\u00eam \u0110\u1ed9i B\u1eafc H\u1ea3i ra qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, c\u1eafm m\u1ed1c, \u0111o v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9, c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Ho\u00e0ng Sa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m Minh M\u1ec7nh th\u1ee9 11 (n\u0103m 1830) do N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c t\u1ea5u tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 t\u00e0u bu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng Sa. Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft: \u201cNg\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m Minh M\u1ec7nh th\u1ee9 11 (n\u0103m 1830), ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4-\u00f4-chi-ly c\u00f9ng T\u00e0i ph\u00f3 Y-\u0111\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i vi\u00ean L\u00ea Quang Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n qua Philipinnes bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. Thuy\u1ec1n qua ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Ho\u00e0ng Sa th\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1eafc c\u1ea1n, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1eadp v\u00e0o thuy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n 8 th\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. C\u00e1c Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ee7 ng\u1ef1 c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Vua, nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 cho thuy\u1ec1n tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ec5u c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd Ng\u1ecd th\u00ec g\u1eb7p \u0110\u00f4-\u00f4-chi-ly c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1i vi\u00ean, th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 15 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u an to\u00e0n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (UNESCO) c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1-Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y 14\/5\/2014. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, \u0110\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Sa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng t\u1edd ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean hai qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Vua v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa theo \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Carlyle Thayer thu\u1ed9c H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Australia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c cho r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Ho\u00e0ng Sa thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Sa cho th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 Ho\u00e0ng Sa m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n tranh c\u00e3i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Sa c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea3o. V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Sa c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y\u201d. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i 2 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa c\u00f2n s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. T\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ebd x\u1ee9 Qu\u1ea3ng Nam trong To\u1ea3n t\u1eadp thi\u00ean nam t\u1ee9 ch\u00ed l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0 do \u0110\u1ed7 B\u00e1, t\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1o, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1686. Tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ch\u00fa th\u00edch kh\u00e1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n: \u201cGi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i c\u00e1t d\u00e0i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e3i C\u00e1t V\u00e0ng, d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9 400 d\u1eb7m, r\u1ed9ng 20 d\u1eb7m \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1ef1ng gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n. T\u1eeb c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Chi\u00eam, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda Sa Vinh m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 t\u00e2y nam th\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u1edf ph\u00eda trong tr\u00f4i gi\u1ea1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i h\u1ebft c\u1ea3. H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a 18 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n\u201d. Ho\u00e0ng Sa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong \u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a vua Minh M\u1ea1ng, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1838.\u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh s\u1eed c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n (203TCN \u2013 220) \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Thanh, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng bi\u00ean ch\u00e9p g\u00ec v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa b\u1edfi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng xem n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c Nam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ef1c Nam c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam, tr\u00ean v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u00e0ng Thanh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 do tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Thanh \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1894 c\u00f2n ghi r\u00f5 \u201cl\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam l\u00e0 h\u1ebft\u201d. Ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n c\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf nh\u00e0 Thanh t\u1eeb Khang Hy cho \u0111\u1ebfn Quang T\u1ef1 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean v\u0103n, to\u00e1n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ea7n, H\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong g\u1ea7n hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 (1708-1904), do Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i in n\u0103m 1904, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Thanh \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ebd n\u0103m 1905 (nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 T\u00e2y An t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1995 trong Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00e2n t\u1eadp), c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean hai b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 Atlas Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 Atlas of the Chinese Empire \u2013 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed3, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1908 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 t\u1eadp Atlas ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c B\u01b0u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Thanh v\u00e0 hai t\u1eadp Atlas Postal de Chine do T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c B\u01b0u ch\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa d\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Nam Kinh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1919 v\u00e0 1933, in b\u1eb1ng 3 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Trung, Anh, Ph\u00e1p (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft), g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Trung Hoa d\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e2n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3 do V\u0169 X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00c1 T\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1933, th\u00ec c\u1ef1c Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c Nam c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf \u0110\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa hay Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c Nam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ed9 Atlas th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Bruxelles g\u1ed3m 6 t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn do nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Philippe Vandemaelen (1795-1869), ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd Ho\u00e0ng gia B\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1827. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Atlas kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ef1c Nam c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 m\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ee9c Angela Merkel \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng cho Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 10 n\u0103m (v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i 28\/3\/2014) nh\u00e2n chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa (theo b\u00e0i \u201cM\u1ed9t Merkel, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p\u201d \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1edf FP ng\u00e0y 02\/4\/2014). \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c Nam c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ebd l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi C\u00e0n Long (1736 \u2013 1795) do nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d\u2019Anville v\u1ebd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1735. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0 Angela Merkel t\u1eb7ng T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ctr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ngo\u1ea1i giao\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1885 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u Phi gi\u1eefa 13 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u1edf Berlin, c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cchi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh \u01b0\u1edbc Berlin 1885). Theo \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh; vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 (Res-Nullius) hay tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang (derelicto); qu\u1ed1c gia chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3; vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 phi ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cchi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0110\u1ecbnh \u01b0\u1edbc Berlin 1885 th\u00ec Trung Qu\u1ed1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra danh ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y 51 n\u0103m b\u1edfi:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t,<\/strong>\u00a0khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm Ho\u00e0ng Sa (t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX) th\u00ec qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00f3i tr\u00ean);\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

th\u1ee9 hai,<\/strong>\u00a0B\u1eafc Kinh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c sau khi h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ra cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u cho h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 \u2013 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111ang qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng phi ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do v\u1eady, gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa 51 n\u0103m hay l\u00e2u bao nhi\u00eau \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 phi ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111e do\u1ea1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea7n Duy H\u1ea3i<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Nguy\u00ean Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m \u1ee6y ban Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BDN<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

Aufrufe: 516<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y 19\/1\/2025 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p trong 51 n\u0103m qua kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra danh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Ho\u00e0ng Sa b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[97,1,37,40],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16586"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16586"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16586\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16588,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16586\/revisions\/16588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}