{"id":2204,"date":"2017-12-10T13:53:47","date_gmt":"2017-12-10T12:53:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/?p=2204"},"modified":"2017-12-23T16:52:30","modified_gmt":"2017-12-23T15:52:30","slug":"tieng-viet-mot-so-khai-niem-co-ban-trong-cong-uoc-cua-lhq-ve-luat-bien-1982","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/2017\/12\/10\/tieng-viet-mot-so-khai-niem-co-ban-trong-cong-uoc-cua-lhq-ve-luat-bien-1982\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a LHQ v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n 1982"},"content":{"rendered":"Ng\u00e0y 10\/12\/1982,\u00a0C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982 (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982), t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, hay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 UNCLOS 1982, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 107 qu\u1ed1c gia, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u00fd t\u1ea1i Montego Bay, Jamaica (t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nay, s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00fd l\u00e0 157).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a LHQ v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n 1982:<\/p>\n

1.\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf:<\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda trong c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y, do qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n\u00a0hay qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh ra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1ed3m (l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i, v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba).<\/p>\n

2.L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i<\/strong>\u00a0hay\u00a0h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn\u00a0l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ven b\u1edd n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia.\u00a0L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 12 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/em><\/strong>. Ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y, do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n qua l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi\u00a0tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i n\u00e0y. Trong v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do qua l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n bay (m\u00e1y bay\u00a0ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n, qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

3.V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf (EEZ<\/strong>)<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sinh v\u1eadt, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u, gi\u00f3… M\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xin ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n; quy\u1ec1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n; quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do bay, t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t d\u00e2y c\u00e1p, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ng\u1ea7m t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

4.Th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n, tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edf ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a r\u00eca l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd, khi b\u1edd ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a r\u00eca l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1edd ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a r\u00eca l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf, qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ranh gi\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 350 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb3ng s\u00e2u 2.500 m m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 100 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u0103m d\u00f2 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba hay kh\u00f4ng khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba (bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean phi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sinh v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0), th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u201cnghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hay danh ngh\u0129a, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ngo\u00e0i 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd, qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i hay c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ng\u1ea7m \u1edf th\u1ec3m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ng\u1ea7m ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ng\u1ea7m.\/.<\/p>\n\n

Aufrufe: 505<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y 10\/12\/1982,\u00a0C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982 (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n 1982), t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, hay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 UNCLOS 1982, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 107 qu\u1ed1c gia, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u00fd t\u1ea1i Montego Bay, Jamaica (t\u00ednh …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,40],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2204"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2204"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2206,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2204\/revisions\/2206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}