{"id":2742,"date":"2018-04-30T14:05:07","date_gmt":"2018-04-30T12:05:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/?p=2742"},"modified":"2018-05-24T16:52:04","modified_gmt":"2018-05-24T14:52:04","slug":"tieng-viet-cuoc-chien-nguon-nuoc-thuong-nguon-va-nguy-co-cua-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/2018\/04\/30\/tieng-viet-cuoc-chien-nguon-nuoc-thuong-nguon-va-nguy-co-cua-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"”Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc” th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u0103ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 2 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed3 \u1ea1t tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Myanmar v\u00e0 L\u00e0o) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau “gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng” nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng.\u00a0Theo Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Yu Xiaogang, nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Green Watershed t\u1ea1i V\u00e2n Nam, nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch quy ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.\u00a0B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a\u00a0ThS. Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Quang –\u00a0Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – An ninh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1) \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t an ninh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh “cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc” (water war) \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi “g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm” Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

THS. NGUY\u1ec4N MINH QUANG – \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC C\u1ea6N TH\u01a0<\/p>\n

G\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 “g\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc” s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, s\u1edf h\u1eefu g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 4.909km c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. Trong c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee7y n\u0103ng tr\u00ean 2.200km s\u00f4ng Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng [1] \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1eafc Kinh khai th\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1992 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2016, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 7 \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 20 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a li\u00ean ho\u00e0n tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n N\u1ecda Tr\u00e1t \u0110\u1ed9 (Nuozhadu), Ti\u1ec3u Loan (Xiaowan), C\u1ea3nh H\u1ed3ng (Jinghong), M\u1ea1n Loan (Manwan) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u S\u01a1n (Dachaosan) c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. [2]\n

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M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1eadc thang th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng. Ngu\u1ed3n: Timo, A. v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2017).<\/p><\/div>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 “run-of-river” (kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a dung t\u00edch nh\u1ecf), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y v\u0103n \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1eeda \u0111\u1eadp. T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 dung t\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y 7 \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n 42 t\u1ef7 m3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 40% l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Th\u00e1i Lan. [3]\n

Nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m ph\u00f9 sa v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch sau khi \u0111i qua c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f2n \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ven s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee5t l\u00fan, tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ea1t l\u1edf \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 sinh k\u1ebf do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u1edf L\u00e0o, \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i Lan, Campuchia v\u00e0 \u0110BSCL c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng \u1edf \u0110BSCL, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y v\u0103n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 \u1edf v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng 16% t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tan ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng b\u0103ng h\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf gi\u00fap c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp lu\u00f4n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u an ninh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng. Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t an ninh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960 v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1\/3 m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a tr\u00e0n lan \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n cung n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u1eef “\u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n” khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00edch tr\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i nguy \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u1ea1n – m\u1eb7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u0103m 2016 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y vai tr\u00f2 “g\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc” v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c H\u1ea1 L\u00e0o, \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i Lan, Campuchia v\u00e0 \u0110BSCL c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb lao d\u1ed1c xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c 1,36% (m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011) k\u00e9o theo nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i do thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u, B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Trung Qu\u1ed1c nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t \u0111i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n minh r\u1eb1ng EI Nino m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ednh, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 “quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n”.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eadp C\u1ea3nh H\u1ed3ng trong 1 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t gi\u00fap “\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng” h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng “v\u0169 kh\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc” m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u00ea K\u00f4ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft tham gia C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc (UNWC).<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua trong vai tr\u00f2 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft khu v\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn “n\u01b0\u1edbc” nh\u01b0 UNWC (C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 UNCLOS (C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n)\u2026 \u0111ang khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ASEAN, \u1ee6y h\u1ed9i s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng (MRC) v\u00e0 S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn H\u1ea1 l\u01b0u M\u00ea K\u00f4ng (LMI) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n hay “chi\u1ebfc phao ngo\u1ea1i giao” cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Kinh.<\/p>\n

Sau g\u1ea7n 4 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n trong b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, ASEAN v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba th\u00f4ng qua d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o khung B\u1ed9 Quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng (COC) v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tranh ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. \u1ede ph\u00eda T\u00e2y, c\u1ea3 MRC v\u00e0 LMI \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia. V\u00ec v\u1eady, su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i chung hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1n c\u00e2n khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, LMI v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng mang l\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Campuchia, c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Donald Trump \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem b\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1i lui \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong khu v\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ed1n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quay l\u1ea1i qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2016 c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gia t\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong khu v\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (GMS) khi tri\u1ec3n khai s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng – M\u00ea K\u00f4ng (LMCM). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, LMCM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 B\u1eafc Kinh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Theo Courtney Weatherby (h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 cao c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i Stimson Center) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, LMCM c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn M\u1ed9t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai – M\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (OBOR) s\u1ebd mau ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf to\u00e0n khu v\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng. Trong vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Campuchia, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda. [4]\n

S\u00f3ng ng\u1ea7m xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 10\/2016, Operation Mekong (\u201c\u0110i\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 Tam gi\u00e1c V\u00e0ng\u201d) – m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mang nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c r\u1ea1p phim \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. N\u1ed9i dung phim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra ng\u00e0y 5\/10\/2011: hai t\u00e0u bu\u00f4n Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n qua khu v\u1ef1c Tam gi\u00e1c V\u00e0ng (L\u00e0o-Th\u00e1i Lan-Myanmar) khi\u1ebfn khi\u1ebfn 13 thuy\u1ec1n vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i. Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tu\u1ea7n tra chung v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i Lan, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Myanmar k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 12\/2011 nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 500km t\u1eeb C\u1ea3ng Guanlei (V\u00e2n Nam) \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi L\u00e0o-Th\u00e1i Lan.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o (tr\u00ean 200 binh s\u0129 t\u1eeb t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam) v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 trang b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee3t tu\u1ea7n tra, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111ang c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0u bu\u00f4n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c sau m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee3t tu\u1ea7n tra chung. [5]\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khai kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 ven s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Myanmar, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gay g\u1eaft t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng – n\u01a1i h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng do c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kinh t\u1ebf g\u00e2y ra. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Myanmar, khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2016. [6]\n

T\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 Campuchia, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u1ed5 ra. Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1t, n\u1ea1o v\u00e9t v\u00e0 khai ph\u00e1 l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng do Trung Qu\u1ed1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u0169ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (NGO) v\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. Nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 v\u0169 trang c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n do Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1edf Campuchia.<\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng. Trong khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Myanmar, L\u00e0o, Campuchia tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 OBOR m\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u1eefng “s\u00f3ng ng\u1ea7m” \u0111ang n\u1ed5 ra d\u1ecdc s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o qua c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111ang h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n cho \u0110BSCL n\u0103m 2017. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean (dualist meteorology) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng sau t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a El Nino n\u0103m 2016, La Nina – v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: g\u00e2y m\u01b0a b\u00e3o v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac chu tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n l\u01b0u kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean m\u1ed7i 2-4 n\u0103m\/l\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n – bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0110BSCL c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Trong vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0110BSCL c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch “ngo\u1ea1i giao n\u01b0\u1edbc” c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u0103ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 2 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed3 \u1ea1t tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Myanmar v\u00e0 L\u00e0o) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau “gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng” nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng. Theo Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Yu Xiaogang, nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Green Watershed t\u1ea1i V\u00e2n Nam, nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch quy ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, V\u00e2n Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 5 n\u0103m li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp d\u01b0 th\u1eeba ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Myanmar v\u00e0 Bangladesh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c “tr\u1ecb th\u1ee7y” c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111ang m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 “\u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n” trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t “c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t” gi\u1eefa h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u, c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 B\u1eafc Kinh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3ng, hay m\u1edf c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eabn ngo\u1ea1i giao do c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mang t\u00ednh “d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1ecb k\u1ef7” m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t an ninh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t “g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm” th\u1ee9 2 uy hi\u1ebfp l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb ph\u00eda T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh ch\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tranh ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111ang ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\n[1] \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Mekong ch\u1ea3y trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c (T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 V\u00e2n Nam).<\/p>\n[2] T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n 20,000MW, chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 2\/3 t\u1ed5ng tr\u1eef n\u0103ng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Mekong (29,000MW).<\/p>\n[3] Timo A. Rasanen v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2017), Observed river discharge changes due to hydropower operations in the Upper Mekong Basin. Journal of Hydrology (545) 28-41.<\/p>\n[4] Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o L\u00e0o, Campuchia li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf 2 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1i L\u00e0o, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu 6 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft 6 t\u1ef7 USD (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 50% GDP c\u1ee7a L\u00e0o) k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i L\u00e0o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n[5] Trong \u0111\u1ee3t tu\u1ea7n tra chung \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o 12\/2011 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10 bu\u00f4n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee3t tu\u1ea7n tra th\u1ee9 5 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8\/2012, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea7n 6 l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi 59 t\u00e0u \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n[6] Th\u00e1ng 1\/2016, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 bom \u1edf L\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6\/2017, 1 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Luang Prabang.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea0P CH\u00cd N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n\n

Aufrufe: 190<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u0103ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 2 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed3 \u1ea1t tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Myanmar v\u00e0 L\u00e0o) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[97,1,37],"tags":[148],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2742"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2742"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2742\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2744,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2742\/revisions\/2744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}