{"id":3389,"date":"2018-11-01T22:18:04","date_gmt":"2018-11-01T21:18:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/?p=3389"},"modified":"2018-11-10T22:38:15","modified_gmt":"2018-11-10T21:38:15","slug":"tieng-viet-cac-co-che-giai-quyet-tranh-chap-cua-cong-uoc-lien-hop-quoc-ve-luat-bien-nam-1982-o-bien-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/2018\/11\/01\/tieng-viet-cac-co-che-giai-quyet-tranh-chap-cua-cong-uoc-lien-hop-quoc-ve-luat-bien-nam-1982-o-bien-dong\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982 \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng trong khu v\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Philippines trong v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1p l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982 (UNCLOS), v\u00ec v\u1eady, theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a UNCLOS, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan, bao g\u1ed3m Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a UNCLOS.<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n

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Nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i hay T\u00f2a \u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Quy t\u1eafc \u201cm\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d trong UNCLOS l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hay \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c theo M\u1ee5c 2 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n 15. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i trao \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i M\u1ee5c 1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n 15. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng M\u1ee5c 1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p, th\u00ec tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n theo m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean n\u00e0o trong tranh ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

T\u00f2a \u00e1n hay t\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u1ee5 tranh ch\u1ea5p s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p hay kh\u00f4ng. Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 287, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hay \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n x\u1eed v\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn g\u1ed3m: ph\u00e2n x\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u00f4ng l\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ICJ); ph\u00e2n x\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a ITLOS; tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 7 c\u1ee7a UNCLOS; ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 8 c\u1ee7a UNCLOS. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00fd k\u1ebft, ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c tham gia C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc UNCLOS, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu hai b\u00ean (hai qu\u1ed1c gia) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ecdn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, th\u00ec tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, hay n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, th\u00ec tranh ch\u1ea5p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 7, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 287. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a M\u1ee5c 2 Ph\u1ea7n 15 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn trong tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, th\u00ec tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t x\u1eed b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 7 c\u1ee7a UNCLOS.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh chung th\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f2a \u00e1n hay t\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n do tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a UNCLOS. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec t\u00f2a l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a UNCLOS. \u0110i\u1ec1u 293 c\u1ee7a UNCLOS quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc. D\u00f9 tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n x\u1eed t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a hay m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i, th\u00ec ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi t\u00f2a hay tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 chung th\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean trong tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn theo M\u1ee5c 2 Ph\u1ea7n 15 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 (a) duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean; ho\u1eb7c (b) ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00f2a ITLOS ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, t\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n prima facie (hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi t\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi t\u1eeb ITLOS trong khi ch\u1edd s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a UNCLOS v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hay \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a UNCLOS \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c theo UNCLOS. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1edfi t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: (a) Tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u 7 c\u1ee7a UNCLOS; (b) Tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa hay Ho\u00e0ng Sa hay kh\u00f4ng; (c) Tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 121 hay \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1eeda ch\u00ecm theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 13; (d)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 121 hay \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 60; (e) Tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf ri\u00eang theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 121(3) hay kh\u00f4ng; (f) Tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 can thi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c trong v\u00f9ng EEZ c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 56 v\u00e0 77 hay kh\u00f4ng; (g) Tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u1edf v\u00f9ng EEZ ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi UNCLOS hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c 3 Ph\u1ea7n 15 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a M\u1ee5c 2. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0110i\u1ec1u 297 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb hai lo\u1ea1i tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a M\u1ee5c 2 Ph\u1ea7n 15: (a) c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 trong v\u00f9ng EEZ c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; v\u00e0 (b) c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf v\u00f9ng EEZ. M\u1ee5c 3 Ph\u1ea7n 15 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u201ckh\u00f4ng tham gia\u201d v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c theo M\u1ee5c 2 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i tranh ch\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u 298 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng Th\u01b0 k\u00fd Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c theo M\u1ee5c 2 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tranh ch\u1ea5p sau: (1) Nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hay \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 15, 74, v\u00e0 83 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh, danh ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed,… (2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a hay t\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i theo \u0111i\u1ec1u 297, kho\u1ea3n 2 ho\u1eb7c 3; (3) Nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 b\u1edfi Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u1eeb khi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c b\u00ean gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 298<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 25\/08\/2006, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cCh\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Hoa kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf M\u1ee5c 2 ph\u1ea7n XV c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 1(a)(b) v\u00e0 (c) c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 298 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 298 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o quy ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a M\u1ee5c 2 Ph\u1ea7n XV \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 298(1)(a), (b) v\u00e0 (c) c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0110i\u1ec1u 15, 74, v\u00e0 83 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi EEZ g\u1ea7n qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a UNCLOS. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00f9ng EEZ c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tham v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 5 hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u 298(1)(a) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau: Nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 15, 74 v\u00e0 83 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c danh ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, khi tranh ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t sinh sau khi C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, khi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean n\u00e0o trong tranh ch\u1ea5p, s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 5, m\u1ee5c 2; tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u 74 v\u00e0 83, bao g\u1ed3m tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t Qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 74(3) v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 83(3) v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n hay kh\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n hay kh\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c tranh ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c khoan \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed, th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00ean y\u00eau s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a UNCLOS b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng \u0110i\u1ec1u 300 c\u1ee7a UNCLOS.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a UNCLOS li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 danh ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0110i\u1ec1u 10(6) v\u1ec1 v\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u \u201cdanh ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i hay kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hay \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0110i\u1ec1u 15 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 UNCLOS c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 danh ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0110i\u1ec1u 15 c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn danh ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o trong UNCLOS li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n theo lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee1i b\u00f2, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi UNCLOS hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1edfi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 58 nh\u01b0 th\u0103m d\u00f2 hay t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn \u1edf v\u00f9ng EEZ c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a UNCLOS. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 297(2) ho\u1eb7c (3). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 297(2) v\u00e0 (3). C\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n hay vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft gi\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1edfi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 b\u1edfi Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u1eeb khi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ecfi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c b\u00ean gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong UNCLOS. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo Ph\u1ea7n 15 c\u1ee7a UNCLOS v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi th\u1ef1c thi ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 an ninh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf theo Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VII c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u0169 trang n\u1ed5 ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p trong UNCLOS \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y cho d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00ean y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m UNCLOS \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 298 kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh \u201ct\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t\u201d, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u 288(4) n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ITLOS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o trong UNCLOS hay trong Quy ch\u1ebf t\u00f2a ITLOS cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean hay c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo UNCLOS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a ITLOS \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1996 theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 16 c\u1ee7a Quy ch\u1ebf, cho T\u00f2a th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u 138 c\u1ee7a Quy ch\u1ebf quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau: (1) T\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean T\u00f2a m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. (2) M\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00f2a b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1eeb T\u00f2a. (3) T\u00f2a s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 130 \u0111\u1ebfn 137 theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc mutatis muntadis (v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 138(1) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a. Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1u 21 c\u1ee7a Quy ch\u1ebf T\u00f2a, trong \u0111\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean t\u00f2a v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u00f3 trao th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho T\u00f2a. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u T\u00f2a c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 138(1) c\u1ee7a Quy t\u1eafc hay kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f2a ITLOS c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 138(1), th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u00ec \u0110i\u1ec1u 288(4) c\u1ee7a UNCLOS v\u1eabn c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n T\u00f2a s\u1ebd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho m\u00ecnh theo Quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 138(1) c\u1ee7a Quy t\u1eafc, T\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ba y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a UNCLOS. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, mi\u1ec5n sao th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1eeb T\u00f2a. Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ai s\u1ebd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ra c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f2a nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng \u00e1n l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u00f4ng l\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng UNCLOS n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1eeb t\u00f2a ITLOS v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 quy ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u1edf nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa. Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1eeda ch\u00ecm n\u1eeda n\u1ed5i, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3o theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 121(1), v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 121(3). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho c\u01a1 quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb v\u1ea5n t\u1eeb t\u00f2a ITLOS v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00ean k\u00fd k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi T\u00f2a v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng T\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, do Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201clo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb\u201d h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c theo M\u1ee5c 2 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n, n\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p mang t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p mang t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c Philippines gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t trang m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi B\u1eafc Kinh \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch Philippines ki\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

BDN\n

Aufrufe: 432<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng trong khu v\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Philippines trong v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[97,1,37,38,40],"tags":[103],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3389"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3389"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3391,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3389\/revisions\/3391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}