{"id":3412,"date":"2018-11-08T00:35:43","date_gmt":"2018-11-07T23:35:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/east-sea.de\/?p=3412"},"modified":"2018-11-15T23:30:00","modified_gmt":"2018-11-15T22:30:00","slug":"tieng-viet-van-de-bien-dong-nguyen-nhan-cang-thang-va-giai-phap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/2018\/11\/08\/tieng-viet-van-de-bien-dong-nguyen-nhan-cang-thang-va-giai-phap\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"
Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ra.<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n
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Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gia t\u0103ng, di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, b\u1edfi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1993-1994, C\u01a1 quan Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t M\u1ef9 (USGS) \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a, t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 28 t\u1ef7 th\u00f9ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ed9 T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n B\u00e1ch khoa To\u00e0n th\u01b0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 7 t\u1ef7 th\u00f9ng. Con s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 tr\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, con s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i hai qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 105 t\u1ef7 th\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 213 t\u1ef7 th\u00f9ng. Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c coi l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c gi\u00e0u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf xa b\u1edd t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 khi\u1ebfn cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2009, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 53,6% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 200 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, th\u00ec v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 80% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Do v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khai th\u00e1c t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 6\/2011, c\u00e1c t\u00e0u ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00e0u c\u00e1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00e1p kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a hai t\u00e0u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi hai chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u n\u00e0y \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong v\u00f9ng EEZ c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011, Philippines c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 7 v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m m\u00e0 t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Philippines. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ngang nhi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p gi\u00e0n khoan d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng 981 trong khu v\u1ef1c th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh b\u1eaft h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n. V\u1edbi 2500 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 400 \u0111\u1ebfn 500 lo\u00e0i san h\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng (hard coral), h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi d\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1ea7m san h\u00f4 Great Barrier Reef c\u1ee7a Australia hay V\u1ecbnh Ca-ri-b\u00ea. Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm 10% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n 500 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Malaysia, Philippines v\u00e0 Indonesia s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c (FAO), n\u0103m 2009, Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00ean t\u1edbi 34,8 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 62,5% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, 4 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (2,6 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n), Indonesia (1,7 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n), Th\u00e1i Lan (1,4 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n) v\u00e0 Myanmar (778 tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n). \u0110\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 3,6 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 25% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 2004. Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u c\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (kho\u1ea3ng 450.000 t\u00e0u c\u00e1), trong \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, s\u1ed1 t\u00e0u c\u00e1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c khai th\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft kho\u1ea3ng 71 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u00e1 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1. N\u0103m 1980, khi ch\u00e2u \u00c1 chi\u1ebfm 43% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 7%. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2013, ch\u00e2u \u00c1 chi\u1ebfm 68% th\u00ec Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm 32%, mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y 289 t\u1ef7 USD. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n. Theo K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p, B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016, \u0111\u1ea1t 73 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1t 77 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024; t\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00ean 5,4 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024. Theo ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Euan Graham (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Nanyang – Singapore), hi\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p cho tr\u00ean 500 t\u00e0u c\u00e1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. Theo Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 (CSIS), t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 suy gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng 70-95% k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 66-75% trong v\u00f2ng 20 n\u0103m qua; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1990, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 90% so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 m\u00fa ch\u1ea5m nh\u1ecf trong v\u00f2ng 8 n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 80%. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. FAO m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ng\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng (gi\u00e1p Trung Qu\u1ed1c), V\u1ecbnh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, v\u00e0 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng (gi\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00e1t xa b\u1edd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n, g\u00e2y ra c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng khu v\u1ef1c. T\u00e0u H\u1ea3i Nam B\u1ea3o Sa, con t\u00e0u ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5\/2012 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu mua c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u00e1. Chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u n\u1eb7ng 32.000 t\u1ea5n, l\u00e0 con t\u00e0u ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 600 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi 14 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n su\u1ea5t, 4 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn l\u00ean t\u1edbi 2.100 t\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 4 con t\u00e0u ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e0u ch\u1edf d\u1ea7u 20.000 t\u1ea5n, 2 chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i 10.000 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 3 t\u00e0u h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 3.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 5.000 t\u1ea5n. Con t\u00e0u cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o b\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1c d\u1ee1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n ra \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa, qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science Advances cho bi\u1ebft, kho\u1ea3ng 54% ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 xa b\u1edd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p 148 tri\u1ec7u USD cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft xa b\u1edd n\u0103m 2014, chi\u1ebfm 10% to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho t\u00e0u c\u00e1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n xa. B\u1eafc Kinh c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ng\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u cho t\u00e0u c\u00e1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ra tay can thi\u1ec7p khi t\u00e0u c\u00e1 b\u1ecb c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c truy \u0111u\u1ed5i, b\u1eaft gi\u1eef v\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft tr\u1ed9m trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 an ninh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 an ninh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 1.400 m, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 7.352 m, Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tr\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay v\u00e0 t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00ed Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i ch\u00e2u \u00c1\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ec3n (SLOC) l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Hai ph\u1ea7n ba l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i qua khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y n\u1eafm gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an ninh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, hai \u0111\u1ed3ng minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, do 90% ngu\u1ed3n cung n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a 2 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c, lu\u00f4n theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t sao c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch chi ti\u00eau cho vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c (m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 M\u1ef9) c\u0169ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong khu v\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ecdi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang\u201d khu v\u1ef1c Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2ng tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1eeb 6,13 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 14,5 t\u1ef7 USD n\u0103m 2000, 29,5 t\u1ef7 USD n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 70,3 t\u1ef7 USD n\u0103m 2009. T\u0103ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t sang t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 Binh \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u00e1o binh s\u1ed1 2, m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0169 kh\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u01b0u ti\u00ean qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2007 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u 2008, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay v\u00e0 t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam. B\u1eafc Kinh hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong 2 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. B\u1eafc Kinh c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ed1ng t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay \u0110\u00f4ng Phong 21D (DF-21D) nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t. Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m, t\u00e0u khu tr\u1ee5c, t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00e0u t\u00e0u tra, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u gi\u00fap \u201ct\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d. Th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, B\u1eafc Kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Philippines \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 an ninh v\u1edbi M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 ven bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011, Indonesia \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00ean l\u1eeda ch\u1ed1ng t\u00e0u si\u00eau thanh t\u1ea7m b\u1eafn 300 km, lo\u1ea1i t\u00ean l\u1eeda n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201cthay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Indonesia. Nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Indonesia \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai 274 t\u00e0u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024. M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua v\u00e0 Jakarta c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec3n khai 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2029. N\u0103m 2009, Malaysia \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai 2 chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m do Ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 2010, Kuala Lumpur \u0111\u00e3 cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hai chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u khu tr\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf trang b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng t\u00e0u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb 2 chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i t\u00e0u, c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch mua 27 t\u00e0u tu\u1ea7n tra xa b\u1edd. N\u0103m 2011, Singapore \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu 5 chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m, 6 chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng t\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m, ch\u1ed1ng t\u00e0u v\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong khu v\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng qua t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn chung v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m khi\u1ebfn cho Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i h\u01a1n tr\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tri\u1ec3n khai qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. N\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng an ninh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u lu\u00f4n mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m leo thang th\u00eam c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n

Do nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng gia t\u0103ng trong 2 n\u0103m qua, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 x\u00edch m\u00edch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau s\u00e1ch, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra th\u00eam nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh cho nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia khu v\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n (v\u00e0 hung h\u0103ng) trong tranh ch\u1ea5p Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i theo di hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh \u201cgi\u1ea5u m\u00ecnh ch\u1edd th\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ct\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn\u201d c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00fap qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n h\u01a1n trong y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, th\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an ninh khu v\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng nhau trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng khu v\u1ef1c, x\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ef1 hung h\u0103ng c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho M\u1ef9 can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong khu v\u1ef1c. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u00edt mang t\u00ednh khi\u00eau kh\u00edch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3o Senkaku (\u0110i\u1ebfu Ng\u01b0) bu\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u00f4n h\u00f2a h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9\/2012 khi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c h\u1eefu h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea3o Senkaku, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n 2 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho tranh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng trong tranh ch\u1ea5p leo thang h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u 33 Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p mang t\u00ednh ngo\u1ea1i giao, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, trung gian, h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh khu v\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf do c\u00e1c b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf li\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 ASEAN, Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u Phi,\u2026 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chung th\u1ea9m, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i hai nh\u00f3m bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn l\u1edbn trong quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c gia, T\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00fd ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean T\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00fd Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00ean tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9ng ra thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc 1982 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ra 9 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 4 ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc 1982, \u0110i\u1ec1u 287 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1n c\u01a1 quan gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p: (1) T\u00f2a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VI; (2) T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u00f4ng l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; (3) T\u00f2a Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VIII, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 trong \u0111\u00f3; (4) T\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c VII. M\u1ed9t l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean trong tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 quan gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0o trong b\u1ed1n c\u01a1 quan tr\u00ean, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng T\u00f2a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 thi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf gia t\u0103ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: (1) \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chung cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tranh ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan c\u1ea7n s\u1ebd theo \u0111u\u1ed5i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. (2) Trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng khai th\u00e1c. Ri\u00eang tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng khai th\u00e1c (d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed) m\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cg\u1ea1t tranh ch\u1ea5p, c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c\u201d trong v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (3) C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2ng tin ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nhau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eadn th\u00f9, b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ed1n g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n. (4) C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 UNCLOS v\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng LHQ v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982. Theo \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 do, an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i th\u00ec c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0: trung gian, h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Trong khi ch\u1edd m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u1ea7n nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng (DOC); n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c duy tr\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, an ninh, an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam hoan ngh\u00eanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p mang t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y; \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 DOC v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng B\u1ed9 Quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng (COC).<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u201cg\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p, c\u00f9ng khai th\u00e1c\u201d c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau s\u00e1ch \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 9 \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d phi l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, hoan ngh\u00eanh v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c th\u0103m d\u00f2, khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed trong th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

BDN\n

Aufrufe: 250<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[97,1,37,38],"tags":[103],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3412"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3412"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3414,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3412\/revisions\/3414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/east-sea.de\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}